Language Standards

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking

Print many upper- and lowercase letters

Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs

Form regular plural nouns orally by adding /s/ or /es/ (e.g., dog, dogs; wish, wishes)

Understand and use question words (interrogatives) (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how)

Use the most frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., to, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with).

Produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing

Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I

Recognize and name end punctuation

Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short vowel sounds (phonemes)

Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships.

(Begins in grade 2)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content

Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb to duck)bUse the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.

Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.

With guidance and support from adults, explore word relationships and nuances in word meanings

Sort common objects into categories (e.g., shapes, foods) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent

Demonstrate understanding of frequently occurring verbs and adjectives by relating them to their opposites (antonyms)

Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., note places at school that are colorful)

Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs describing the same general action (e.g., walk, march, strut, prance) by acting out the meanings

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts.