Developing and sustaining foundational language skills

The student develops word structure knowledge through phonological awareness, print concepts, phonics, and morphology to communicate, decode, and spell.

Demonstrate phonological awareness by:

Producing a series of rhyming words;

Distinguishing between long and short vowel sounds in one-syllable and multi-syllable words;

Recognizing the change in spoken word when a specified phoneme is added, changed, or removed;

Manipulating phonemes within base words;

Demonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by:

Decoding words with short, long, or variant vowels, trigraphs, and blends;

Decoding words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;

Decoding multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables final stable syllables;

Decoding compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;

Decoding words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV;

Decoding words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est

Identifying and reading high-frequency words from a research-based list;

Demonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by:

Spelling one-syllable and multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams, including digraphs and diphthongs; r-controlled syllables final stable syllables;

Spelling words with silent letters such as knife and gnat;

Spelling compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations;

Spelling multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns;

Spelling words using knowledge of syllable division patterns, including words with double consonants in the middle of the word

Spelling words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings, including -s, -es, -ed, -ing, -er, and -est;

Alphabetize a series of words and use a dictionary or glossary to find words

Develop handwriting by accurately forming all cursive letters using appropriate strokes when connecting letters.

The student uses newly acquired vocabulary expressively.

Use print or digital resources to determine meaning and pronunciation of unknown words;

Use context within and beyond a sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words;

Identify the meaning of and use words with affixes un-, re-, -ly, -er, and -est (comparative and superlative), and -ion/tion/sion

Identify, use, and explain the meaning of antonyms, synonyms, idioms, and homographs in context.

The student reads grade-level text with fluency and comprehension. The student is expected to use appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text.

The student reads grade-appropriate texts independently. The student is expected to self-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.

The student develops oral language through listening, speaking, and discussion.

Listen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses;

Follow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions;

Share information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace and using the conventions of language;

Work collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including listening to others, speaking when recognized, making appropriate contributions, and building on the ideas of others

Develop social communication such as distinguishing between asking and telling.