United States Government-Government

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The student understands the American beliefs and principles reflected in the U.S. Constitution and why these are significant. The student is expected to:
Explain the importance of a written constitution.
Evaluate how the federal government serves the purposes set forth in the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution.
Analyze how the Federalist Papers such as Number 10, Number 39, and Number 51 explain the principles of the American constitutional system of government.
Evaluate constitutional provisions for limiting the role of government, including republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, separation of powers, popular sovereignty, and individual rights.
Describe the constitutionally prescribed procedures by which the U.S. Constitution can be changed and analyze the role of the amendment process in a constitutional government.
Identify how the American beliefs and principles reflected in the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution contribute to both a national identity and federal identity and are embodied in the United States today.
Examine the reasons the Founding Fathers protected religious freedom in America and guaranteed its free exercise by saying that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof," and compare and contrast this to the phrase, "separation of church and state".
The student understands the structure and functions of the government created by the U.S. Constitution. The student is expected to:
Analyze the structure and functions of the legislative branch of government, including the bicameral structure of Congress, the role of committees, and the procedure for enacting laws.
Analyze the structure and functions of the executive branch of government, including the constitutional powers of the president, the growth of presidential power, and the role of the Cabinet and executive departments.
Analyze the structure and functions of the judicial branch of government, including the federal court system, types of jurisdiction, and judicial review.
Identify the purpose of selected independent executive agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and regulatory commissions, including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Explain how certain provisions of the U.S. Constitution provide for checks and balances among the three branches of government.
Analyze selected issues raised by judicial activism and judicial restraint.
Explain the major responsibilities of the federal government for domestic and foreign policy such as national defense.
Compare the structures, functions, and processes of national, state, and local governments in the U.S. federal system.
The student understands the concept of federalism. The student is expected to:
Explain why the Founding Fathers created a distinctly new form of federalism and adopted a federal system of government instead of a unitary system.
Categorize government powers as national, state, or shared.
Analyze historical and contemporary conflicts over the respective roles of national and state governments.
Understand the limits on the national and state governments in the U.S. federal system of government.
The student understands the processes for filling public offices in the U.S. system of government. The student is expected to:
Compare different methods of filling public offices, including elected and appointed offices at the local, state, and national levels.
Explain the process of electing the president of the United States and analyze the Electoral College.
Analyze the impact of the passage of the 17th Amendment.
The student understands the role of political parties in the U.S. system of government. The student is expected to:
Analyze the functions of political parties and their role in the electoral process at local, state, and national levels.
Explain the two-party system and evaluate the role of third parties in the United States.
Identify opportunities for citizens to participate in political party activities at local, state, and national levels.
The student understands the similarities and differences that exist among the U.S. system of government and other political systems. The student is expected to:
Compare the U.S. constitutional republic to historical and contemporary forms of government such as monarchy, a classical republic, authoritarian, socialist, direct democracy, theocracy, tribal, and other republics.
Analyze advantages and disadvantages of federal, confederate, and unitary systems of government.
Analyze advantages and disadvantages of presidential and parliamentary systems of government.

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